Act of Toleration - religious toleration law, as long as Christian.
Lord Proprietors - controlled Carolinas.
Charleston - Major port in Carolina.
General James Oglethorpe - founded Georgia.
Mayflower Compact - first written self governance law, pilgrims.
John Winthrop - led pilgrims, gave CUAH speech.
“City Upon a Hill” - How pilgrims were supposed to lead the way in the new world.
Salem Witch Trials - Boston Massachusetts, mass hysteria, 19 killed.
King Philip’s War - New England vs Native Americans, NAs lost and leave New England.
Metacom - leader of New England NA's during KPW.
Roger Williams - religious dissenter from Massachusetts, sent to Rhode Island.
Providence - main city in Rhode Island.
Anne Hutchinson - female religious dissenter from Massachusetts, also to Rhode Island. Sep of church and state.
Thomas Hooker - Connecticut founder.
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - laws for how Connecticut would run.
Pequot War - Native American War.
New Netherlands- Dutch founded colony, would become Manhattan.
New Amsterdam - Original Manhattan, under Dutch. Became New York.
Mid-Atlantic Colonies- more tolerant, grain, bread basket, lumber, trade.
Middle Passage - middle section of triangular trade from Africa to New World.
Salutary Neglect - British not enforcing laws as long as getting paid.
House of Burgesses- First representative legislature in New World, Jamestown, Va.
Bacon’s Rebellion - indentured servant rebellion, wanted land, wanted to fight Native Americans for it.
Great Awakening - Religious revival, especially in New England.
French and Indian War - France v. Britain, fight over Ohio River Valley. British victory. Debt from this war leads to American Revolution taxes.
1763 Treaty of Paris - Ended the French and Indian War, set new borders.
Proclamation of 1763 - law that said colonists could not cross the Appalachian mountains. supposed to avoid war with Native Americans because no money to pay for it. A cause of the American Revolution.
Stamp Act - first direct tax on the colonies. Tax on paper goods.
Committee of Correspondence - group that spied on British activities and reported on movement etc.
Sons of Liberty - Anti-British group that protested with boycotts, and such events as the Boston Tea Party. Samuel Adams leader.
Daughters of Liberty - Like sons of liberty, women who boycotted British, also made homespun clothes to avoid buying British cloth.
Intolerable Acts - punishment laws placed on Boston for the Boston Tea Party. Closed port, took away court rights etc.
Common Sense - written by Thomas Paine, gave reasons why colonists should rebel against Britain.
Thomas Paine - wrote Common Sense.
Thomas Jefferson - Wrote the Declaration of Independence, heavily influenced by John Locke. President who bought the Louisiana Purchase.
Committee of Five - worked together to decide on Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson most important.
John Locke - Enlightenment thinker, influenced Jefferson: life liberty and property.
Natural Rights - rights everyone is born with, from the Enlightenment
Social Contract Theory - people and the government have a contract that people will give up some rights to be protected. the people have to agree on the government for it to be allowed to function.
Benjamin Franklin - founding father. ambassador to France during American Revolution.
John Adams - 2nd president. Ambassador/diplomat during American Revolution.
Valley Forge - George Washington, B. V. Steuben and M. d. Lafayette trained the colonial army here. Bad conditions, very cold.
Baron Von Steuben - Helped train colonial army, made drills for military.
Marquis de Lafayette - French military leader, helped colonial army
Lexington and Concord - first shots of the Revolution, known as shot heard round the world
Crossing the Delaware - also known as Battle of Trenton, Washington and colonial army crossed Delaware River at night in the winter surprise attack and victory over British
Battle of Trenton
Battle of Saratoga - Turning point in Revolution. Following colonial win, French openly joined war on Colonial side.
General John Burgoyne
General Horatio Gates
Battle of Yorktown - Final battle of Revolution. Cornwallis was stuck on the peninsula of Yorktown and surrounded by French on water and colonial on land. Surrendered.
1783 Treaty of Paris - Ended Revolution on paper, Britain recognized US as a nation
Land Ordinance of 1785 -
Northwest Ordinance - decided how states would be made. Ohio River Valley territory. No slavery in area, land set aside for education.
Articles of Confederation - First American government. Did not work, too weak, could not tax, replaced.
Shays’ Rebellion - farmer rebellion over tax, showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Limited Government - Divided powers so it does not get too powerful
Great Compromise - made with the Constitution, divided legislature into two houses, House and Senate
3/5ths Compromise - Part of Constitution, stated that 3 of every five slaves would count towards a state's population for taxes and voting.
Anti-Federalist - Against the Constitution, did not want a strong federal government
Federalist - Pro Constitution, wanted a strong Federal government
The Federalist Papers - arguments for the Constitution.
Precedent - Setting the stage. For example, because Washington only ran for two terms, he set a precedent for other presidents to do the same.
George Washington - first President. Set many precedents.
Farewell Address - George Washington's warnings for future presidents and the people when he retired. Warned against political parties and foreign alliances.
John Adams - 2nd president. Only one term.
Sedition Act
Alien and Sedition Act
Election of 1800
XYZ Affair
Thomas Jefferson - President. Author of Dec. of Independence. Bought Louisiana Purchase. Strict constitutionalist,
Louisiana Purchase - Doubled size of the US. Bought by Jefferson, from Napoleon who was trying to expand France.
Lewis and Clark - Explored Louisiana purchase
Corps of Discovery - Supposed to find water route to Pacific, there was no route. They did find plants and animals.
James Madison -
War of 1812 - War between USA and Britain. Caused by British impressment of soldiers, US desire for Canada, Britain supplying Native Americans with guns, trade interference
Monroe Doctrine - Told Europe to stay out of the American hemisphere
Andrew Jackson -
Jacksonian Democracy - Presidential politics under Andrew Jackson, common man, spoils system, Manifest Destiny
Universal Male Suffrage - Under Jackson, all white males could vote.
Spoils System - giving friends or financial helpers positions in government even when they are not qualified
Nullification Crisis
Indian Removal Act - law by Jackson that created the Trail of Tears and sent Native Americans out of SE into Oklahoma
Industrial Revolution
Erie Canal
Henry Clay - founder of American System
American System - connecting the economy of the United States, increasing infrastructure
2nd Great Awakening - new religious revival, led to more abolitionism
Horace Mann - major speaker for education, gave us compulsory school, educated teachers
Women’s Equality
Eli Whitney - Industrial Revolution inventor in America, gave us interchangeable parts and the cotton gin.
Interchangeable Parts - most important invention of Eli Whitney, demonstrated this with muskets. Allowed people to buy single parts of machinery.
Cotton Gin - separated seeds from cotton. Unforeseen reaction to cotton gin was the increase of slavery in the South.
Abolitionism - anti slavery
Fredrick Douglass - former slave and abolitionists. Editor of the North Star.
Nat Turner - slave preacher, led rebellion, killed
Missouri Compromise - Created MO as a slave state and introduced Maine as a free state. Also established the 36-30 line that said no slavery above that line.
James K. Polk - President during War with Mexico, Manifest Destiny President.
Manifest Destiny - Belief that America was destined, by God, to spread across the continent, sea to sea.
Texas Annexation - Texas had gained independence from Mexico, then was a country, then joined the USA
Oregon Territory - Owned by Britain first
Mexican War - War over border between US and Texas, US wins
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - treaty that ended the War with Mexico, gave America new land from Mexico including Arizona, New Mexico...
Sectionalism - division between northern and southern states
Compromise of 1850 - California entered Union as a free state, slave trade banned in Washington, DC, popular sovereignty established in territory gained from Mexico. Fugitive Slave Act enacted, win for Southern states.
Popular Sovereignty - people get to vote
Kansas-Nebraska Act - established popular sovereignty in Kansas-Nebraska territory, repealed line from MO compromise
Scott v. Sanford - AKA Dred Scott Case, Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not citizens and could not sue in the Supreme Court
John Brown’s Raid - abolitionist raid on Harper's Ferry, attempted to arm slaves for rebellion but failed. J B hung.
Election of 1860 - Abraham Lincoln elected, south ceded
Economic Disparity - difference in the economy that is obvious, such as the North having strong industrial economy and the South focusing on agriculture
Emergency Powers - presidential law set based on war or other national emergency, for example, Lincoln suspended habeas corpus
Habeas Corpus - Giving people charges when jailed, suspended during Civil War
Emancipation Proclamation - issued following the Battle of Antietam, freed slaves ONLY in areas of rebellion
Gettysburg Address - following the battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln dedicated the cemetery there and spoke of the work to rebuild the nation
2nd Inaugural Address - Lincoln's speech following second election into presidency, gave reason to continue and win the war and reunite the states
General Robert E. Lee - General of the South, led Southern/Confederate Army
General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
William T. Sherman - Union General, led March to the Sea from Atlanta, burned Georgia
Jefferson Davis - only president of the Confederacy
Ft. Sumter - first shots of the Civil War
Antietam - Bloodiest ONE DAY battle of Civil War, led to issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
Vicksburg - Battle won by union that split the south in half along the Mississippi River
Siege of Atlanta - Union victory over Atlanta, destroying railways. This is where Sherman's March to the Sea started.
Reconstruction - rebuilding the South after the Civil War
Presidential Reconstruction - plan for reconstruction by Lincoln, continued by Johnson, seen as too lenient on the South by Congress
Assassination of Lincoln - killed by John Wilkes Booth, led to Andrew Johnson becoming President.
Impeachment of A. Johnson - Congress impeached him over violation of Tenure of Office Act, where he fired someone without permission. They were looking for any reason to do so because they hated him. He was the first president to be impeached (Clinton was 2nd).
Congressional Reconstruction - Also known as Radical Republican reconstruction, wanted to punish the South.
Radical Republicans - Wanted to punish the South
Freedmen’s Bureau - created to educate former slaves in reading, math etc.
13th Amendment - ended slavery
14th Amendment - granted citizenship to all native born and naturalized persons (citizenship to former slaves)
15th Amendment - Voting rights to former slaves (males only)
Black Codes - laws made following the Civil War that kept African Americans in a state like slavery
KKK
Election of 1876 - Andrew Johnson no longer president, replaced by Hayes
Compromise of 1877 - Ended Reconstruction
Railroads - grew with steel, increased connection in US.
Steel Industry - grew with railroads, part of industrial growth, skyscrapers
Monopoly/Trust - owning all businesses within a service, such as Standard Oil, Carnegie steel
Andrew Carnegie - Carnegie Steel, great philanthropist
Telegraph - communication lines
Light Bulb - invented by Edison, allowed for long hours of work in factories. Also allowed for night entertainment due to new lighting
Thomas Edison - Invented electric light bulb, phonograph and motion pictures.
Telephone - invented by Alexander Bell.
Ellis Island - European immigration station (New York)
Angel Island - Asian immigration station (California)
Labor Unions - protected workers, fought for better pay, hours and treatment
American Federation of Labor - Samuel Gompers the leader, first major union you need to know
Transcontinental Railroad - connected the entire continental US. Met at Promontory Point, Utah. East built by Irish immigrants, West by Chinese immigrants.
Samuel Gompers - led the American Federation of labor
Plains Indians -
Sitting Bull -
Wounded Knee -
Battle of the Little Big Horn
Progressive Era
Muckrakers
The Jungle - Written by Upton Sinclair, showed the lifestyles of immigrants but people reacted more to the conditions of the meatpacking industry. Led to FDA.
Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives. Photographed slum life.
Jane Addams - Opened Hull House, a settlement home for immigrants in Chicago.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Jim Crow
NAACP
Conservation Movement
Recall
17th Amendment - Direct election of senators
Initiative
Referendum
Spanish-American War
Annexation of the Philippines
Theodore Roosevelt
Panama Canal - Connected Atlantic to Pacific more quickly, quicker transportation and better for making money
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Big Stick Diplomacy
Neutrality - not picking a side in a war
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare - German u-boats torpedoing all ships
Lusitania - a ship that was victim to Unrestricted Sub Warfare and angered many Americans against the British
Zimmerman Telegram
Espionage Act
Eugene V. Debs
Great Migration
14 Points plan
Treaty of Versailles
League of Nations
Woodrow Wilson
Socialism
Communism
Red Scare
Palmer Raids
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
Henry Ford
Mass Production
Model T
Radio and Movies
National Culture
Modernist Movement
Jazz
Louis Armstrong
Zora Neal Hurston
Langston Hughes
Overproduction
Under-Consumption
Stock Market Crash
Dust Bowl
Grapes of Wrath
Herbert Hoover
FDR
Black Tuesday
New Deal
CCC
PWA
TVA - Tennessee Valley Authority, hydroelectric power through building of dams
2nd New Deal
Social Security Act -new deal, retirement and unemployment
Wagner Act - New Deal, protected unions
Huey P. Long
Court Packing
Eleanor Roosevelt
Lend-Lease Act
Pearl Harbor
Pacific Theater
Battle of Midway
Manhattan Project
Los Alamos - New Mexico, where the bomb was developed.
Atomic Bomb - America developed 2, at the Los Alamos site for the Manhattan project. Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
European Theater
D-Day - Allied invasion of Nazi occupied Europe, in France. Turning point in Europe.
Fall of Berlin
War Mobilization
Rationing
Wartime Conversion
A. Philip Randolph
Executive Order 8802
Rosie the Riveter
Executive order 9066
Harry Truman
Eisenhower
Cold War
Containment
Marshall Plan
Truman Doctrine
Korean War
Mao Zedong
GI Bill
Truman and Integration
McCarthyism
Interstate Highway Act
Brown v. Board
Sputnik I
NASA
Kennedy
LBJ
Cuban Revolution
Fidel Castro
Cuban Missile Crisis
Bay of Pigs
Vietnam War
Domino Theory
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Civil Rights Movement
Tet Offensive
Great Society
JFK Assassination
Civil Rights Act 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Medicare
Medicaid
1960 Presidential Debate
Moon Landing
SCLC
SNCC
Martin Luther King Jr.
Letter from a Birmingham Jail - MLK's work, while under arrest during bus boycotts, he wrote to the community to continue civil disobedience, that there was no time to wait for civil equality.
I Have a Dream - MLK's speech given at the March On Washington.
Cesar Chavez
1968
Richard Nixon
Relations with China
Vietnamization
War Powers Act
Camp David Accords
Iranian Revolution - Ayatollah takes over Iran during Carter's administration, demand Shah back from USA, hostage crisis follows immediately
Iranian Hostage Crisis - During Iranian Revolution, 52 Americans from American Embassy taken hostage, not returned until Reagan entered office.
Jimmy Carter -
Camp David Accords - Jimmy Carter led meeting at Camp David to bring peaceful relations to Egypt and Israel.
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency
NOW - National Organization of Women
Watergate - break in at Watergate, not ordered by Nixon but he covered it up. Campaign committee stealing information on democratic nominee.
Gerald Ford - only president never elected to executive, pardoned Nixon
Silent Spring - book by Rachel Carson about environmental dangers of pesticides.
Rachel Carson - author of Silent Spring, environmentalist
Ronald Reagan - republican, Reaganomics
Collapse of the Soviet Union - 1991
Bill Clinton - democrat, NAFTA
Impeachment of Bill Clinton - impeached for perjury and obstruction of justice.
9/11 - Al Quaeda attacks on World Trade Center, Pentagon and a plane which crashed into Pennsylvania.
George W. Bush -
War on Terror - started with 9/11, America seeking out terrorist organizations
Reaganomics - trickle down economics, tax cuts to big businesses and the wealthy in hopes that spending would "trickle down" to everyone else.
Internet -
Social Media - new form of news and social connection between Americans and the world
Election of 2008 -
Obama - First African American President, democrat
McCain - presidential candidate who ran against Obama